{"containers":{"cna":{"affected":[{"cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","modules":["pubkey_policy_tree"],"packageName":"public_key","packageURL":"pkg:otp/public_key?repository_url=https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp&vcs_url=git%20https:%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ferlang%2Fotp.git","product":"OTP","programFiles":["src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl"],"programRoutines":[{"name":"pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2"},{"name":"pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2"}],"repo":"https://github.com/erlang/otp","vendor":"Erlang","versions":[{"changes":[{"at":"1.21.4","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"1.20.3.4","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"1.17.1.5","status":"unaffected"}],"lessThan":"*","status":"affected","version":"1.15","versionType":"otp"}]},{"collectionURL":"https://github.com","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"defaultStatus":"unaffected","modules":["pubkey_policy_tree"],"packageName":"erlang/otp","packageURL":"pkg:github/erlang/otp","product":"OTP","programFiles":["lib/public_key/src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl"],"programRoutines":[{"name":"pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2"},{"name":"pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2"}],"repo":"https://github.com/erlang/otp","vendor":"Erlang","versions":[{"changes":[{"at":"29.0.4","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"28.5.0.4","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"27.3.4.15","status":"unaffected"}],"lessThan":"*","status":"affected","version":"26.2","versionType":"otp"},{"changes":[{"at":"f8580fc117098c08165f46c26fd0750c5cfb2a90","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"f04c6bba38de1cf1b1836a7d9a9fbe239bd939e8","status":"unaffected"}],"lessThan":"*","status":"affected","version":"9d1dda7bad5a64b58c10a1554751689e94131a73","versionType":"git"}]}],"cpeApplicability":[{"nodes":[{"cpeMatch":[{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"27.3.4.15","versionStartIncluding":"26.2","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"28.5.0.4","versionStartIncluding":"28.0","vulnerable":true},{"criteria":"cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*","versionEndExcluding":"29.0.4","versionStartIncluding":"29.0","vulnerable":true}],"negate":false,"operator":"OR"}],"operator":"AND"}],"credits":[{"lang":"en","type":"finder","value":"Lukas Backström"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation developer","value":"Jakub Witczak"},{"lang":"en","type":"remediation reviewer","value":"Michał Wąsowski"}],"descriptions":[{"lang":"en","supportingMedia":[{"base64":false,"type":"text/html","value":"<p>Allocation of resources without limits in Erlang/OTP public_key certificate path validation allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain during the TLS handshake.</p><p>During RFC 5280 policy processing in <tt>public_key:pkix_path_validation/3</tt>, the certificate policy tree maintained by <tt>pubkey_policy_tree</tt> grows without an upper bound. When a certificate chain contains M policies per certificate and K certificates, the tree grows on the order of M^K nodes because <tt>pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2</tt> and <tt>pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2</tt> extend the tree per policy per certificate. A modest chain with many policies per certificate is enough to pin BEAM schedulers and exhaust the node's memory, taking down the entire VM. The attacker only needs to be able to present a certificate chain to the victim, which is the normal precondition for a TLS handshake, so exploitation succeeds against any incoming or outgoing TLS connection that validates the peer's chain (the default for SSL/TLS clients and mutual-TLS servers).</p><p>This is the same vulnerability class as OpenSSL's <tt>X509_verify_cert</tt> policy tree DoS.</p><p>This vulnerability is associated with program files <tt>lib/public_key/src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl</tt> and program routines <tt>pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2</tt> and <tt>pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2</tt>.</p><p>This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.2 before OTP&nbsp;29.0.4, OTP&nbsp;28.5.0.4 and OTP&nbsp;27.3.4.15, corresponding to public_key from 1.15 before 1.21.4, 1.20.3.4 and 1.17.1.5.</p>"}],"value":"Allocation of resources without limits in Erlang/OTP public_key certificate path validation allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain during the TLS handshake.\n\nDuring RFC 5280 policy processing in public_key:pkix_path_validation/3, the certificate policy tree maintained by pubkey_policy_tree grows without an upper bound. When a certificate chain contains M policies per certificate and K certificates, the tree grows on the order of M^K nodes because pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2 extend the tree per policy per certificate. A modest chain with many policies per certificate is enough to pin BEAM schedulers and exhaust the node's memory, taking down the entire VM. The attacker only needs to be able to present a certificate chain to the victim, which is the normal precondition for a TLS handshake, so exploitation succeeds against any incoming or outgoing TLS connection that validates the peer's chain (the default for SSL/TLS clients and mutual-TLS servers).\n\nThis is the same vulnerability class as OpenSSL's X509_verify_cert policy tree DoS.\n\nThis vulnerability is associated with program files lib/public_key/src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl and program routines pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2.\n\nThis issue affects OTP from OTP 26.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to public_key from 1.15 before 1.21.4, 1.20.3.4 and 1.17.1.5."}],"impacts":[{"capecId":"CAPEC-130","descriptions":[{"lang":"en","value":"CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"}]}],"metrics":[{"cvssV4_0":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackRequirements":"NONE","attackVector":"NETWORK","baseScore":8.7,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"NONE","subAvailabilityImpact":"LOW","subConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","subIntegrityImpact":"NONE","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L","version":"4.0","vulnAvailabilityImpact":"HIGH","vulnConfidentialityImpact":"NONE","vulnIntegrityImpact":"NONE"},"format":"CVSS","scenarios":[{"lang":"en","value":"GENERAL"}]}],"problemTypes":[{"descriptions":[{"cweId":"CWE-770","description":"CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling","lang":"en","type":"CWE"}]}],"providerMetadata":{"dateUpdated":"2026-07-27T16:11:07.639Z","orgId":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","shortName":"EEF"},"references":[{"tags":["vendor-advisory","related"],"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-622p-qfh6-c352"},{"tags":["related"],"url":"https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-59251.html"},{"tags":["related"],"url":"https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-59251"},{"tags":["x_version-scheme"],"url":"https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions"},{"tags":["patch"],"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f8580fc117098c08165f46c26fd0750c5cfb2a90"},{"tags":["patch"],"url":"https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f04c6bba38de1cf1b1836a7d9a9fbe239bd939e8"}],"source":{"discovery":"INTERNAL"},"title":"Denial of service via exponential certificate policy tree growth in path validation","x_generator":{"engine":"cvelib 1.8.0"}}},"cveMetadata":{"assignerOrgId":"6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db","assignerShortName":"EEF","cveId":"CVE-2026-59251","datePublished":"2026-07-27T15:30:47.097Z","dateReserved":"2026-07-04T04:24:03.653Z","dateUpdated":"2026-07-27T16:11:07.639Z","state":"PUBLISHED"},"dataType":"CVE_RECORD","dataVersion":"5.2"}